Treaties Regarding Anishinaabeg 
Usufructuary Rights in Minnesota

Treaty with the Sioux & Chippewa - 1825
Demarcation of Boundary Line between the Anishinaabeg and Bwaanag (Dakota) Nations.

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0250.htm 

Treaty with the Chippewa - 1826
Treaty at Fond du Lac
Note: Article 3 on Metals and Minerals Rights

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0268.htm 

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Treaty with the Chippewa - 1829
Treaty at Prairie du Chien
Usufructuary Rights maintained under Article 7. 

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/chi0297.htm 

Treaty with the Chippewa - 1837
Treaty at St. Peters 
Note: Article 5 - Hunting, Fishing and Manoomin Rights on Ceded Lands 

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0491.htm 

Treaty with the Chippewa - 1842
Treaty at La Pointe 
Note: Article 2 - Usufructuary Rights and Article 6 - Mining District Rights  

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0542.htm 

Summary of Isle Royale Agreement - 1844
Agreement with the Anishinaabeg of Grand Portage
Note: The Anishinaabeg of Grand Portage were initially excluded from the Treaty of 1842. Through the 1844 Agreement, Grand Portage became signatories to the 1842 Treaty.  

http://books.google.com/books?id=7tYRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false 

Treaty with the Chippewa of the Mississippi and Lake Superior - 1847
Total land cession in the Gull Lake and Crow Wing areas; No reservation established for the 
Gull Lake Band. Usufructuary rights maintained under the Treaty of 1837. 

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0567.htm 

Treaty of with the Chippewa - 1854
Treaty at La Pointe with the Lake Superior and Mississippi Anishinaabeg. Although not mentioned specifically, the 1854 did not extinguish the usufructuary rights under the Treaty of 1837.

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0648.htm 

Treaty with the Chippewa - 1855
Treaty at Washington with the Mississippi, Pillager, Winnibigoshish and Anishinaabeg
Note: Although not mentioned specifically, the 1855 Treaty did not extinguish the usufructuary rights under the Treaty of 1837. 

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0685.htm 

Ojibwe Treaty Statement - 1864
Delegation of Minnesota and Wisconsin Ogimaag who traveled to Washington to file a list of grievances including treaty violations of the treaties of 1825, 1826, 1837, 1842, 1854, and 1847. Note: Spelling is as it appears in the original document. 

Treaty with the Chippewa, Mississippi, and Pillager and Lake Winnibigoshish Bands - 1865

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0862.htm 

Treaty with the Chippewa - Bois Forte Band - 1866
Lands ceded with the establishment of the Bois Forte reservation. 
Usufructuary maintained under the Treaty of 1837.

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0916.htm 

Treaty with the Chippewa of the Mississippi - 1867
Creation of White Earth Reservation.
Usufructuary rights maintained under the Treaty of 1837.

http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0974.htm 

Case Law Regarding Indigenous Usufructuary Rights in the U.S.,
including Anishinaabeg Court Decisions

Winters v. United States - 1908
Court Case involving Fort Belknap and establishment of Reservation Water Rights

http://www.utulsa.edu/law/classes/rice/USSCT_Cases/Winters_v_US_207_564.htm 

Tulee v. State of Washington - 1942
Early Recognition of Off-Reservation Fishing Rights

http://www.utulsa.edu/law/classes/rice/USSCT_Cases/Tulee_v_Washington_315_681.htm 

United States of America / Quinault Tribe of Indians et al., 
v. State of Washington - 1974
First Court Decision to Recognize Off-Reservation Treaty Rights

http://www.ccrh.org/comm/river/legal/boldt.htm 

State of Washington v. United States - 1979
Court Case involving Tribes of the Northwest and Off-Reservation Water Rights

http://www.utulsa.edu/law/classes/rice/USSCT_Cases/Wash_v_Wash_St_Comm_Pass_FVA_443_658.htm 

United States v. Michigan - 1981
Court Case involving the Bay Mills and Sault Ste. Marie Anishinaabeg in regard to tribal conservation vs. state regulation and conservation. 

http://openjurist.org/653/f2d/277/united-states-v-state-of-michigan-a 

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Indians v. Voigt v. United States - 1983 (The Voigt Decision)
Affirmation of the Usufructuary Rights of the signatories of the 1854 Treaty.  

http://openjurist.org/700/f2d/341/lac-courte-oreilles-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa-indians-v-p-voigt-united-states 

Kittitas Reclamation District v. Sunnyside Valley Irrigation District - 1985
Court Case involving the Yakima Nation in regard to Off-Reservation Water Rights 
and State Water Rights.

http://openjurist.org/763/f2d/1032/kittitas-reclamation-district-v-sunnyside-valley-irrigation-district 

United States v. Oregon - 1985
Court Case involving the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakima Indian Nation; the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation in regard to the need to afford treaty rights equal treatment with other uses. 

http://federal-circuits.vlex.com/vid/bands-yakima-warm-umatilla-nez-perce-37078512 

State of Minnesota v. Russell Shabaiash, et al. - 1992
Court Case in which three Anishinaabeg men spearfishing in 1854 Ceded Lands were charged with fishing violations because they were not members of the bands subject to the Treaty.

http://mn.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.%5Cmn%5CPLS%5C1992%5C19920519_0001.MN.htm/qx 

Fond du Lac Band of Indians v. Carlson, et al - 1995
Court Decision in which the State of Minnesota is obligated to uphold 
Usufructuary Rights in regard to 1854 Treaty. 

http://openjurist.org/68/f3d/253/fond-du-lac-band-of-chippewa-indians-v-carlson-b 

Minnesota v. Mille Lac Band of Chippewa Indians - 1999
Affirmation of Usufructuary Rights of Anishinaabeg signatories of the 1855 Treaty.

http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/97-1337.ZO.html 

United States v. Gotchnik, et al. - 2000
Court Case Affirming Ceded Land Rights Regarding Bois Forte Members

http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/222/506/478287/ 

Wisconsin v. Environmental Protection Agency /Sokaogon Chippewa Community - 2001 (Mole Lake)

http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1332619.html 

United States v. Michigan - 2005
Court Case involving the Anishinaabeg of Bay Mills, Sault Ste. Marie, Grand Traverse, Little River, and Little Traverse regarding Usufructuary Rights on Lake Superior.

http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-6th-circuit/1176993.html 

Treaty Rights and Forest Service Responsibilities

http://www.fs.fed.us/people/tribal/trib-2.pdf 

Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Tribal - USDA Forest Service Relations on National Forest Lands within the Territories Ceded in Treaties of 1837, 1837 and 1842 
From the Voigt Inter-Tribal Task Force 1999. Although this Memorandum covers National Forest land in Wisconsin, it provides a reference point for usufructuary rights on Ceded Lands located on National Forest land in the U.S.  

http://www.fs.fed.us/spf/tribalrelations/documents/agreements/treaties-of-1837-1842.pdf 

Native American Fish and Wildlife Resources Management Act of 2004

http://www.theorator.com/bills108/s2301.html 

1872 Mining Law

http://goldplacer.com/1872MiningLaw.htm 

Minnesota Mining Laws

http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/lands_minerals/mn_mining_laws.pdf 

The Anishinabe Nation's Right to a Modest Living
Excellent essay by Pro. Paul Erlinder on Anishinaabeg Usufructuary Rights

http://minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2010/04/documents/treatyrights.pdf 

The Clean Air Act "Treatment As States" Rule

/uploads/7/1/3/4/7134305/ssrn-id1279002.pdf

Journal of Environmental Law:
Borders and Discharges:
Regulation of of Tribal Activities under the Clean Water Act
in States with NPDES Program Authority

http://library.findlaw.com/1999/May/20/132925.html 

Tribal Rights and their Effect on our Concept of 
Property Rights in the Northwest

http://www.msaj.com/papers/TribalRights.htm